HP: 9168 5873 Whatsapp/ Call Mr Lim for a quick, friendly discussion or Email:
guidetodistinction@gmail.com
H2/ H1 ECONS CRASH COURSE!
for 2022 JC2 A-Level Exam
1-to-1 or Small Group Tuition
100% Scored A/ B
in 2018 & 2021 Examination
H2 A-Level Economics
(for students who had attended at least 3.5 months tuition)
100% Scored A
in 2016 & 2020 Examination
H2 A-Level Economics
(for students who had attended at least 3.5 months tuition)
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HP: 9168 5873 Whatsapp/ Call Mr Lim for FAST Improvement in Your upcoming H2/ H1 Economics Exam.
or Email:
guidetodistinction@gmail.com
1-to-1 or Small Group 1-to-2/ 1-to-3/ 1-to-4 Private Tuition
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Private Tuition Services Available 2022:
1) JC2 H1/ H2 Economics Prelim & A-Level Exam Preparation
2) JC1 H1/ H2 Economics Promotional Exam Preparation
3) International Baccalaureate (IB) SL/ HL Economics
4) JC1/ 2 GP Crash Course
5) JC1/ 2 Econs & GP Combo Package
Lessons Coverage inclusive concepts revision, CSQs practices, essay practices, questions analysis, questions breakdown, CSQs and Essays answering skills, marking of CSQs and Essays practices, time management, guidance on how to improve CSQs and Essays answers, review of tests/ exam answer scripts, mock exam.
Lessons Duration: 2, 2.5 or 3 Hours Per Lesson
JC H1/ H2/ IB/ University Economics Tuition. Best Economics Tutoring Improvement from 2010 to 2021 for many Singapore Cambridge A-Level Examination students. More than 10 Years Experience with Economics Honours Bachelor Degree from World-Renowned Prestigious University. Whatsapp/ Call Mr Lim 9168 5873 or Email: guidetodistinction@gmail.com for 1-to-1 or Small Group Private Tuition. Testimonials from many delighted and thankful students and parents. Bespoke & Systematic Proven STEPS to SCORE in H1 H2 Economics.
________________________________________________________________
HP: 9168 5873 Whatsapp/ Call Mr Lim for a quick, friendly discussion or Email:
guidetodistinction@gmail.com
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Further Private Tuition Services Available 2022:
6) NUS/ NTU/ SMU/ SUSS/ LSE/ Other Overseas Universities Undergraduate Year 1 Introduction to Economics Module
7) NUS/ NTU/ SMU/ SUSS/ LSE/ Other Overseas Universities Undergraduate Intermediate Microeconomics
8) NUS/ NTU/ SMU/ SUSS/ LSE/ Other Overseas Universities Undergraduate Intermediate Macroeconomics
9) JC2 Pure Math Tuition in Calculus & Algebra
10) JC2 Statistics Tuition in Probability & Basic Statistical Techniques
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Proven Track Record! Parents' & Students' Testimonials:
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Shown above the A-Level certificate and whatsapp messages of 2 JC boys respectively who joined a 1-to-2 small group tuition at the end of Sept after they got back their Prelim exam results. The 1st boy scored "S" and the 2nd scored "E" for their Prelim H2 Econs exam but both got "A" in the pivotal A-Level exam. How did they do it? The 1-to-2 small group tuition started in end Sept and ended the day before their H2 Econs Paper 2. All in all, both boys managed to squeeze in 13 sessions at 3 hours each from end Sept till around mid-Nov. As time was running out, a tailored made intensive H2 Econs tuition crash course was conducted for them encompassing both Paper 1 and Paper 2 answering skills, practices, content consolidation and many other essential aspects to enable them to perform well. After each lesson, both boys diligently did the practices they were assigned and submitted their answers before the next lesson to be marked. Detailed comments were made on their answer scripts as well as during lessons highlighting areas of strengths, weaknesses, the "DOs" and "DON'Ts" etc in their answers. By the 8th lesson, both boys had shown tremendous improvement. To buttress their confidence, from the 9th lesson onwards, 4 mock exam (2 each on Paper 1 & 2) were carried out before each lesson under actual exam condition of 2 hours 15 mins . The 2nd boy did well and scored either "A" or "B" for all the 4 mock papers. The 1st boy initially faltered but managed to score high "Bs" for his 3rd and 4th mock papers. Before the actual exam, the 1st boy was still skeptical whether he did enough preparation to get an "A" for his A-Level H2 Econs exam. Below is his whatsapp message after he got his result in late February:
This boy did well enough to secure around 84 rank points and managed to get into the 1st choice university course he wanted in NUS. For the 2nd boy, he was the more driven of the 2 and managed to score all As for his 4 H2 subjects and even secured a SUTD (Singapore University of Technology and Design) scholarship worth around $100,000 for the 4-year course. After the 2nd boy got his A-Level results, he privately shared that at the start of the intensive tuition, his father transferred a couple of thousand dollars to his bank account for him to pay for his tuition fees. Being a very thrifty person, he said he felt the "financial pain" after each lesson and it got to the extent he delayed payment at times up to a week when the fees were due. Looking back, he agreed the investment was wisely spent and the returns worth much much more than the amount spent. In hind sight, this 2nd boy had worked very very hard for his excellent results. Right from the start, he handed 2 to 3 practices after each lesson so much so that the 1st boy was also motivated to do the same by the 5th lesson. It was a healthy competition between the 2 boys during that short stint of 13 lessons over about 6-week period. During the beginning of each lesson, both would listen attentively to the tutor's comments on their practices and they eagerly learnt from each other's mistakes. Albert Einstein once said: “Insanity is doing the same thing, over and over again, but expecting different results.” These 2 boys agreed that after almost 2 years of doing the same thing and performing poorly each time in their school's H2 Econs assessments, they decided to search the H2 Econs tuition market and look for someone who can really help them in the final lap albeit in the "11th" hour. As someone said: "Losers are NOT those who try and fail but those who NEVER try at all." These 2 boys decided NOT to give up, NOT to surrender and NOT to capitulate to adversity. They did their due diligence, made a resolute decision, never wavered, sticked steadfastly to it, tried and worked hard, SUCCEEDED, emerged stronger and WINNERS. Each year in the last lap, there are many students who managed to overcome adversity to emerge VICTORIOUS! Are YOU (or your CHILD) the NEXT SUCCESS STORY?
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2021 - A typical science stream student who is weak in Economics. After about less than 4 months tuition from late Jul 2021 to mid Nov 2021, this tenacious and hardworking JC boy H2 Economics grade jumped from a low "E" in 2021 Mid-Year Exam (CT2) to an "A" in the 2021 A-Level H2 Economics Examination. For this boy, lessons were FULLY conducted via ZOOM at a convenient time after his school lessons on weekday and also on weekend. Precious time, energy and transportation costs saved from the hassles of shuttling between home and tuition venue are some advantages of being tutored over ZOOM. Other advantages include less distractions especially over the last few months prior to the A-Level examination to maintain focus on the studies and revision, comfort of the student's home, avoidance of crowded places and peak hours public transport to maintain optimal health condition and avoidance or minimise downtime of falling ill etc. For this boy, one lesson is conducted on a late weekday evening after he is back from school lessons, getting a nap and sufficient rest after his dinner. This often helped to ensure his concentration and internalisation are sustained at a high level. This boy also had another lesson on a weekend usually late Sunday evening after some good rest, unwind and recharge over most part of the weekend. As we operate on 1-to-1 or small group basis, we have the flexibility to arrange bespoke timing/ tuition time slots tailored to different student's specific needs and ideal study arrangement. Over the years, some students who did badly in their schools' various assessments and switched over from tuition centres to our service divulged that often they could not help but dozed off during lessons at tuition centres as they were too tired from insufficient sleep practically every weekday night as well as the long school hours. Some students shared with us that they felt guilty spending their parents' hard-earned money on classes at some tuition centres but ended dozing off during tuition lessons on many occasions. The students reminded us not to tell their parents as they do not want their parents to know such things are happening. In a way, some of these students said that they are in a bind as well. They shared that their "spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak". Each night, often they have to study, revise or finish their school work till about 12 to 1am before they can get onto bed. By the time they fall asleep, it could be almost 2am. For most JCs, morning assembly time is about 7.45am. Some students take about one to one and half hours to travel from home to school. Technically they have to wake up around 5.30 to 6am and leave home between 6.15 to 6.45am. Lessons can end as late as 5+pm. Some of the days, it is followed by CCAs which can end quite late. For such days, after reaching home late at night, they still have to "burn mid-night oil" to finish the next day homework before they can turn in for the day. For humans, such deprivation of sleep and prolonged dawn to dusk grinds inevitably result in fatigue setting in. For days without CCAs, when some of the JC students still have to slot in tuition lessons at tuition centres after school lessons ended at the end of the day, usually at timing just after dinner, can they be faulted if they ended up dozing off? We believe in arranging lessons customised to students' schedule such that they are well rested. So far during ZOOM lessons, we do NOT have any student dozing off or their minds wondering off. Otherwise, it would be a waste of the students' precious time, energy and their parents' hard-earned money.
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Whatsapp messages from a student's mother expressing her thanks and gratitude for the vast improvement in her boy's H2 Economics grade. When her boy repeatedly performed badly throughout JC1 (2020) till JC2 (Jul 2021) CT2 with either U, S or barely passing grade of a low E, she was so worried.. The mother revealed that she sent her boy to a relatively well-known Economics tuition centre in Bt Timah area which she searched via internet and it had very good reviews and was highly rated. She shared that despite the money and time spent, after several months the boy still did not show much progress in his H2 Economics especially in his CT2 Economics result. He was languishing and slipped to the bottom of his class in his H2 Economics during the CT2. The mother was rather worried that at this rate, her boy might falter in his A-Level Economics Exam later in the year and affect his chances of getting into the courses in the university that he had in mind. The mother shared that her boy scored distinction consistently in his Math and Science subjects throughout JC1 and JC2 CTs and Exams. However, when it comes to H2 Economics, this highly intelligent boy somehow could not grasp how to answer Case Study Questions and structure his essay answers well. The mother related that her boy attended several months of group tuition in the Economics tuition centre she carefully chose from online searches. She shared that unfortunately her boy barely cleared his 2021 JC2 CT2. She spoke to his Economics school teacher and learnt that her boy exhibited many "mistakes and weaknesses" in his school Economics (CT1 & CT2) tests especially in his essay answers. In Aug and Sept 2021, after the boy came on board, we revised topic by topic for the H2 Microeconomics first and subsequently switched to the H2 Macroeconomics doing the same step by step. In both Microeconomics and Macroeconomics Concepts, Paper 1 Case Study Questions and Paper 2 Essay Questions answering skills wise, this boy exhibited surprisingly many, many gaps. We had to painstakingly go through lesson after lesson to weed out the various glaring as well as minor mistakes throughout his answers. This process is always meticulously and assiduously carried out with each student, be it on 1-to-1 or small group basis. When the late Aug and mid Sept H2 Preliminary Exam for Economics Paper 1 and 2 respectively came by, this boy smoothly sailed through and catapulted almost to the top of his class. His H2 Econs Prelim Exam performance saw a 3 to 4 grades jump from his CT2 and just fell short of distinction. As with other students having Econs tuition under our care, we adjusted the preparation for his A-Level H2 Economics Exam based on his Prelim Exam performance and continued to press on till Nov 2021. After his A-Level H2 Econs Papers 1 and 2, the boy's feedback was quite positive. He shared that it was rather manageable. Without any surprise, this boy scored distinction (A) for his A-Level H2 Economics Exam, the first he had in his entire JC1 and JC2. The money and time spent over the relatively short period of slightly over 3 months paid off well. As we always believe, parents worked hard to pay the tuition fees. As responsible and conscientious tutors, we worked hard to repay the trust parents placed in us with achieving good grades for their beloved girls and boys. On the parents' and students' ends, it is not easy too finding the right or good match of tutor to each student's needs. We believe there are many good or even excellent tutors in the market. However, the right match could be equally as important, if not more. Our practice is for new students to attend at least one trial lesson and also speaking to each student individually before they even attended any trial lesson to strike an understanding with one another. By having a better understanding of each student, we believe that forms a positive start for the highest probability of a favourable outcome in terms of each student's performance in his/ her H2 Economics in the pivotal A-Level exam for further studies/ entry to university in preferred courses.
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HP: 9168 5873 Whatsapp/ Call Mr Lim for a quick, friendly discussion on how to improve and SCORE A/ B in YOUR H2/ H1 ECONOMICS.
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Further Parents' & Students' Testimonials:
The above is the result of another JC boy who came on board for tuition somewhere after national day in mid-August. Despite mugging hard for his H2 Economics Mid-Year Exam (CT2), he only managed a borderline D grade. We had about less than 3 months of lessons from around mid-August to about early November. The similar rigour of revision in Micro and Macroeconomics was diligently and persistently carried out in conjunction with relentless practices of Case Study Questions (CSQs) and Essay Questions (EQs). Each practice is carefully marked, graded with comments on areas of improvement. Mock exams in similar format of A-Level H2 Economics in Paper 1 & 2 were conducted at appropriate junctures to hone his exam readiness and excel under exam constraints in terms of duration, timing etc. We believe in giving our best to partner each student to perform to his/ her fullest potential. No effort was spared. No stone left unturned. Given that this boy was very motivated, additional materials and resources were shared with him to further his background knowledge which we believe greatly boosted his self-confidence. He knew that he was much more prepared for various scenarios and different types of questions as well as a wide spectrum of micro and macro concepts. As the A-Level exam was near, we practically did everything in as concise a mode as we could to optimise the payoffs. He performed relatively well in his Sept Preliminary exam and as can be seen in his result above, aced his A-Level H2 Economics Exam.
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The above is the A-Level H2 Economics exam result of a JC science student who like many other JC students, more or less did not cope well with H2 Econs throughout her JC2 but she stoically and resiliently persisted in her efforts. She was willing to learn from her mistakes and faithfully followed through the advice and tuition assignments given to her. Like many other JC students, she would tend to forget earlier topics concepts and struggled to cope when she had to contend with school assessments and revision on earlier topics such as those covered in JC1 during her JC2 academic journey. One factor in her favour was that she started tuition early in her JC2 and consistently attended 4 to 5 lessons each month from January to October. Some other students may be brighter than her but may not have done as well in the end. One reason tipping the scale was probably her consistent efforts and hard work throughout her JC2 that very likely played a key part in her ability to confidently sit for her A-Level H2 Economics exam. Based on many years of teaching experience, there are many paths to scoring a distinction in H2 Econs. Some students are naturally extremely bright and can do the minimal to clinch good grades. For average students, they can ace in their A-Level H2 Econs exam too by adopting the approach that suits their needs. For many JC students, H2 Econs tend to be a difficult subject to cope with. However, with some help from experienced tutors and hard work, even average students can triumph and ace their A-Level H2 Econs exam. If you or your child is not coping too well in H2 Econs, please take action early. Feel free to contact us for a friendly discussion on how to prepare yourself or your child well in his or her 2022 A-Level exam in Nov this year.
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HP: 9168 5873 Whatsapp/ Call Mr Lim for a quick, friendly discussion or Email:
guidetodistinction@gmail.com
The above is the A-Level H2 Economics result of an average girl in a JC ranked in the 12th to 17th range who failed her H2 Economics throughout JC1 and JC2. She was basically quite "lost" in H2 Economics before she started tuition after her JC2 MYE/ BT2, somewhere just before National Day around early Aug. During one of the tuition lessons, she shared that she googled for Econs tuition during school lesson time and shortlisted a few tutors and tuition centres for her mum to follow up after her school classes in the evening. Her other H2 subjects were Lit in English and History with Math as H1. In the MYE/ BT2, she barely passed her other subjects but H2 Economics was her worst. To paint a more accurate picture of how grim the situation was, it is not far fetched to describe her knowledge of H2 Economics as "horrendous" as initially she could not even draw some basic graphs when she started the Econs tuition lessons around early August, barely about 3 months away from the A-Level exam. On the first lesson, mid-way through she was asked to draw some basic curves such as demand, supply curves etc and labelled the diagram properly. Alas, she got it wrong and drew the demand and supply curves in the reverse direction. Momentarily, we knew what we were in for. Without an iota of doubt, ahead of us was an uphill task. We knew that in reality that could be an "understatement". All the basic microeconomics concepts were taught in school during JC1 starting from February. After one and a half years later, her content knowledge could be just marginally better than a new JC1 student embarking on Economics classes. However, her attitude was quite positive and she displayed resolute determination to overcome her "poverty of understanding" in Economics theories. That was all it was needed from her. The right attitude, the grit and willingness to undergo some "pains" to do well for her A-Level exam in the H2 Economics, albeit just weeks away. After a few lessons, it was observed that she was fairly bright and could pick up the knowledge in each lesson despite having to cover a wider scope in each lesson as time was tight and the clock "ticking" away. Out of curiosity, we asked her why her content knowledge was so weak when she showed relatively quick internalisation of the Econs content knowledge/ theories during the first few lessons. She was quite frank and shared that somewhere during JC1 term 1, she got "lost" during her Econs classes and could not follow what was being taught. After a couple more weeks, it did not improve and from then on, basically she just sat through the Econs lessons, sometimes in agony and losing confidence whether she can make it through in the end. To cut it short, after her MYE/ BT2 Econs papers, she mustered enough drive and decided to look up for some Econs tuition online. Her mum enquired with several tutors and tuition centres. They decided that we seemed to have the experience to turn around weak students in H2 Econs within a very short period of time and a trial (albeit payable) lesson was arranged. As they said, the rest is history. In the end, she managed to breakthrough the barriers and emerge "victorious". Though she did not get an "A" in the A-Level H2 Economics exam, the "B" she attained in the H2 Econs was as good if not better than an "A" because she was practically lost in her H2 Econs during school lessons since JC1. To catch up within a couple of weeks and come thus far to clinch a "B" was not dissimilar to a "miracle" coming true. This hard fought achievement probably gave her great confidence and self-belief given that she had less than 40 RPs for her Prelim exam. Her overall rank points (RPs) for her A-Level exam was in the mid-80s, enough to put her on par with the average RPs of the top JCs. This vast improvement over such a short period did not happen by accident. She fought tenaciously for her excellent performance and sought timely help when she needed it.
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Lessons Coverage inclusive concepts revision, CSQs practices, essay practices, questions analysis, questions breakdown, CSQs and Essays answering skills, marking of CSQs and Essays practices, time management, guidance on how to improve CSQs and Essays answers, review of tests/ exam answer scripts, mock exam.
Lessons Duration: 2, 2.5 or 3 Hours Per Lesson
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The above is the A-Level H1 Economics Exam result of a typical science stream JC boy whose subject combi is PCME. For this boy, he probably failed his JC2 H1 Prelim Economics Exam but with a high "U" (of near 40 marks) and was likely moderated to a borderline 40 marks "S" pass (his actual official final H1 Econs grade as shown in his Prelim results). He was just ok in his H2 Math and Science subjects for the Prelim exam. His mother contacted us for our Econs tuition service around late Sept/ early Oct, essentially just about a month away from her boy's A-Level exam. The boy needed time to spend on his H2 subjects to try and push his grades into the A/ B range. His GP grade was borderline but he and his mum reckoned that he probably could manage on his own a pass or slightly better for the A-Level GP exam. In terms of the H1 Economics, his foundation is shaky and he needed help to at least push the grade into the A to D range to secure good enough rank points for his uni application. If left on his own to study and prepare for his H1 Economics A-Level exam, it would probably have been a dicey affair as he was far from being confident to do well enough to secure sufficient rank points for his uni application especially in his H1 A-Level Economics exam. His mum recognised that last minute intervention could probably tip the scale. In a way, it would also keep her boy staying motivated and maintaining his momentum in this "final lap" of the 2-year JC journey. The tuition also likely would engender discipline in her boy's preparation and not get distracted or sidetracked. The mother felt that it was quintessential for the boy to remain very focused throughout the entire A-Level exam. Maintaining the discipline and working hard in his revision in the "last lap" should shore up his confidence to sit for his H1 Economics exam paper as well as sustaining his motivation to do well in his H2 Math and Science subjects. His mum concern was that his weakness in H1 Economics might spill over and affect his motivation to stay focus and revised well for his H2 subjects. Given the time constraint and the need to spread out the remaining 4 weeks plus across 5 subjects especially his 3 H2 namely Math, Physics and Chemistry. After some quick discussion with the mum and her boy, some strategising and resolute decision making of both the mother and her boy, the consensus was reached for the boy to go for a 8 x 3-hour lessons crash course. Within the limited remaining time, the study plan included content learning & revision, intensive practices in micro and macro questions and sitting for some mock exam papers etc. It had to be admitted that it was pretty stressful for both the student and tutor but in the end the resilience, determination and perseverance paid off (albeit with some obvious pains during the process though within a relatively short period of slightly more than 4 weeks). As can be seen from the above attached result, the boy achieved a multiple grade jump in his H1 Econs in the pivotal A-Level exam. His overall rank points were around 80 given the grades in his other subjects. The mother and the boy were thankful as the outcome could have been (vastly) different had they not decided to bite the bullet and put the boy through the grueling and rigourous final 4 weeks of preparation before his A-Level exam. Though such dramatic transformation and turn around happened many times over the years, on hindsight, it is better not to leave such matters till the very last minute especially given the past 3 years of COVID-19 pandemic situation which caused added strain. No one knows what might crop up down the road. Hence, it is still advisable to take action and intervene earlier if circumstances permit.
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HP: 9168 5873 Whatsapp/ Call Mr Lim for a quick, friendly discussion.
JC H1/ H2/ IB/ University Economics Tuition. Best Economics Tutoring Improvement from 2010 to 2021 for many Singapore Cambridge A-Level Examination students. More than 10 Years Experience with Economics Honours Bachelor Degree from World-Renowned Prestigious University. Whatsapp/ Call Mr Lim 9168 5873 or Email: guidetodistinction@gmail.com for 1-to-1 or Small Group Private Tuition. Testimonials from many delighted and thankful students and parents. Bespoke & Systematic Proven STEPS to SCORE in H1 H2 Economics.
________________________________________________________________
HP: 9168 5873 Whatsapp/ Call Mr Lim for a quick, friendly discussion or Email:
guidetodistinction@gmail.com
H2 Microeconomics Topics/ Concepts Coverage:
Topic (1) CEP (Central Economic Problem):
Inclusive concepts of PPC (Production Possibility Curve) encompassing Choice, Opportunity Costs, Scarcity with Diagram. Other essential concepts covered include RDM (Rational Decision Making) involving the 3 Economic Agents namely Consumers (Households); Producers (Firms) and Government. Includes concepts of MB (Marginal Benefits) and MC (Marginal Costs) with respective diagrams for RDM by Consumers, Firms, Government. Illustration of concept with real world examples. Finally, Price Mechanism as a prelude to the next topic.
Topic (2) DDSS (Demand and Supply)
Inclusive Laws of Demand and Supply encompassing Movements along and Shifts of Demand and Supply Curves respectively, Determinants of DD and SS, Illustration of concepts via real world examples, application of concepts via past year questions practices. Other essential concepts include Government Intervention namely Price Control (Price Ceiling & Price Floor), Subsidies and Taxation. Finally, the 4 elasticity concepts namely PED (Price Elasticity of Demand, εd), YED (Income Elasticity of Demand, εy), XED (Cross Elasticity of Demand, εxy) and PES (Price Elasticity of Supply, εs), their Determinants and Application of Demand, Supply and Elasticity Concepts in Real World.
Topic (3) Theory of Production/ COP (Cost of Production) & Market Structure:
Theory of Production/ COP (Cost of Production)/ Firms. Concepts include:
SR (Short Run) and LR (Long Run) COP (Cost of Production), SR FC (Fixed Cost), VC (Variable Cost), TC (Total Cost), AFC (Average Fixed Cost), AVC (Average Variable Cost), ATC/ AC (Average Total Cost/ Average Cost), MC (Marginal Cost), SRAC (Short Run Average Cost), LRAC (Long Run Average Cost);
EOS (Economies of Scale), IEOS (Internal EOS) –Technical: [Specialisation/ Division of Labour, Large Scale Indivisibilities, Container Principle, Product Innovation, R&D (Research and Development)], Managerial: [Accounting, Operation, HR (Human Resource), Service Support, Management etc], Marketing, Financial, Risk-Bearing, MES (Minimum Efficient Scale) EEOS (External EOS): [Agglomeration, Amenities, R&D Facilities, Infrastructure etc].
Concepts inclusive M&A (Merger And Acquisition), TR (Total
Revenue), AR (Average Revenue), MR (Marginal Revenue), Profit Maximisation, SR and LR Shutdown Condition.
Alternative Objectives of Firms: [Market Dominance, Entry Deterrence, LT (Long Term)
Profit Maximisation, Revenue/ Growth Maximisation, Profit Satisficing]
Types of Market Structure:
PC (Perfect Competition), Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly, Monopoly.
Concepts include characteristics such as BTE (Barriers to Entry), Cost and Revenue Curves of Different Market Structure, Super, Normal and Subnormal Profits (in SR and/ or LR), Profit Maximisation Under PC, Entry & Exit of Firms in PC and Monopolistic Competition, Evaluation of PC, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly and Monopoly, Real World Application: How Change in DD &/or Supply Determinants in Different Market Structure Affect Cost and Revenue Curves.
PD (Price Discrimination), Conditions for PD, 1st, 2nd & 3rd Degree PD, Two-Part Tariff, Real
World Application of PD, Diagrams for PD, Benefits and Costs of PD
Classification of Market Structure: CR (Concentration Ratios): CR4, CR5, CR10 etc.
Oligopoly: Interdependence, Collusive Oligopoly – Cartel, No-
Collusive Oligopoly, Price and Non-Price Competition, Kinked DD/ AR Curve,
Disjointed MR Curve, Price Rigidity – Change in Production and DD.
Natural Monopoly, Policies Regulating Monopoly and/ or Oligopoly: Price Regulation –
AC (Average Cost) Pricing and MC (Marginal Cost) Pricing, Anti-Trust Regulation.
Theory of Contestable Markets – No BTE (Absence of Sunk Costs) & Absence of EOS,
Threat of Entry.
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HP: 9168 5873 Whatsapp/ Call Mr Lim for a quick, friendly discussion or Email:
guidetodistinction@gmail.com
Topic (4) Market Failure – inclusive:
Positive (Merit Goods) and Negative (Demerit Goods) Externalities in Consumption
and/ or Production encompassing concepts such as MPB (Marginal Private
Benefits), MEB (Marginal External Benefits), MSB (Marginal Social Benefits), MPC (
Marginal Private Costs), MEC (Marginal External Costs), MSC (Marginal Social
Costs), DWL (Deadweight Loss).
Corrective Measures: Subsidies, Grants, Taxation, Direct Provision, Legislation, Moral
Suasion.
Imperfect Information – MPBa (Actual Marginal Private Benefits),
MPBp (Perceived Marginal Private Benefits), MPCa (Actual Marginal Private Costs),
MPCp (Perceived Marginal Private Costs).
Corrective Measures: Public Education, Moral Suasion, Legislation.
Asymmetric Information – AS (Adverse Selection) and MH (Moral Hazard).
Corrective Measures: Legislation (Eg. Medishield Life, CP(FT)A (Cap 52A) – Consumer
Protection (Fair Trading) Act (Cap 52A), Lemon Law, Obamacare), Deductibles/ Co-
payment, Cap on Insurance Claim.
Public Good – NR (Non-Rivalrous) and NE (Non-Excludability) – FR (Free-Ridership).
Corrective Measures: Government Provision.
Market Dominance – Imperfect Competition – Allocative Inefficiency (P≠MC).
Corrective Measures: Privatisation and Deregulation, Anti-Monopoly Legislation, Trade
Liberalisation.
FOP (Factors of Production) Immobility – Labour Immobility: Occupational and
Geographical
Corrective Measures: Retraining.
Income Inequity – Unequal Dollar Votes – Resources not Optimally Allocated.
Corrective Measures: Government Transfers, Subsidies, Retraining.
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HP: 9168 5873 Whatsapp/ Call Mr Lim for a quick, friendly discussion or Email:
guidetodistinction@gmail.com
H2 Macroeconomics Topics/ Concepts Coverage:
Topic (5) Introduction to Macroeconomics inclusive macroeconomic indicators, measurement of GDP, Limitations, Keynesian Multiplier, AD (Aggregate Demand), AS (Aggregate Supply), Determinants.
Circular Flow of Income, 4-Sector Open Economy – Households, Firms, Government,
International Sector. W (Withdrawals) – S (Saving), T (Taxes) and M (iMports), J (inJection)
- I (Investment), G (Government Spending) and X (eXports). MPC (Marginal Propensity to
Consume), MPS (Marginal Propensity to Save), MPT (Marginal Propensity to Tax), MPM
(Marginal Propensity to Import), MPW (Marginal Propensity to Withdraw), k (Keynesian
Multiplier), Keynesian Multiplier Transmission Mechanism.
NIA (National Income Accounting).
Topic (6) Macroeconomic Aims inclusive EG (Economic Growth), U (Unemployment), π
(Economic notation for Inflation), BOP (Balance of Payment).
Concepts include:
Causes and Consequences.
Economic Growth:
AG (Actual Growth), PG (Potential Growth), Sustained Growth, IG (Inclusive Growth),
Sustainable Growth, Determinants. Diagrams.
Unemployment Causes - Cyclical/ Demand-Deficient Unemployment, Structural
Unemployment,
Frictional Unemployment, Seasonal Unemployment, Natural Rate of Unemployment/
NAIRU (Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate Unemployment), LFPR (Labour Force Participation
Rate), Underemployment. Diagrams. Consequences.
Demand-Pull and Cost-Push Inflation. Causes - International and Domestic Factors.
Diagrams. Consequences – Redistribution: Winners and Losers, Uncertainty, Worsening
BOT/ BOP, Menu Cost, Shoe Leather Cost. Disinflation.
Deflation: Causes - Supply and Demand Factors. Consequences.
BOP (Balance of Payment): CA (Current Account) concepts inclusive BOT (Balance of
Trade) Deficit and Surplus, Income Transfer and Current Transfer, KA (Capital Account),
FA (Financial Account) [– Direct Investment, Portfolio Investment, Hot Money], MLC
(Marshall Lerner Condition), J-Curve. Causes and Consequences of BOT and BOP.
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HP: 9168 5873 Whatsapp/ Call Mr Lim for a quick, friendly discussion or Email:
guidetodistinction@gmail.com
Topic (7) Policies – FP (Fiscal Policy), MP (Monetary Policy) – Interest-Rate Based or Exchange-Rate Based, SSP (Supply-Side Policy). Concepts include:
Non-discretionary FP (Automatic Stabilizer), Fiscal Drag, Discretionary FP/ Pump
Priming, Crowding-Out Effect, Effectiveness, Budget Surplus, Budget Deficit, Balanced
Budget, Debt-to-GDP Ratio, Austerity Measures, Fiscal Consolidation, Limitation.
Keynesian Theory of Liquidity Preference, Money Demand, Money Supply, Monetary
Policy Tools – OMO (Open Market Operation), Cash-Reserve Ratio/ RRR (Reserve
Requirement Ratio), Discount Rate, Treasury Bills, Treasury Notes, Treasury Bonds, Yield
Curve, Equilibrium Interest-Rate, ZIRP (Zero-Interest Rate Policy), Liquidity Trap, Elasticity
of MEI (Marginal Efficiency of Investment), Unorthodox/ Unconventional Monetary Policy,
QE (Quantitative Easing), MBS (Mortgage Backed Securities), Debt-Securitization, Negative
Interest-Rate, Tapering, QT (Quantitative Tightening).
Monetary Policy Trilemma/ Impossible Trinity, SG Dollar NEER (Nominal Effective
Exchange Rate) Band, Interest-rate taker.
Market-Oriented and Interventionist Supply-Side Policies.
Topic (8) International Economics inclusive Theory of CA (Comparative Advantage), Protectionism, POT (Pattern of Trade), TOT (Terms of Trade), Globalisation (and Deglobalisation), FTA (Free Trade Agreement).
Benefits and Costs of Trade, Protectionist Measures – Tariffs, Quota, Export Subsidy,
VER (Voluntary Export Restraint), Exchange Rate Manipulation, Administrative Trade
Barriers.
Determinants of POT (Pattern of Trade), Causes and Consequences in Changes of TOT
(Terms of Trade).
Benefits and Costs of Globalisation, Deglobalisation, FTA (Free Trade Agreement).
Lessons Coverage inclusive concepts revision, CSQs practices, essay practices, questions analysis, questions breakdown, CSQs and Essays answering skills, marking of CSQs and Essays practices, time management, guidance on how to improve CSQs and Essays answers, review of tests/ exam answer scripts, mock exam.
Lessons Duration: 2, 2.5 or 3 Hours Per Lesson
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HP: 9168 5873 Whatsapp/ Call Mr Lim for a quick, friendly discussion or Email:
guidetodistinction@gmail.com
JC H1/ H2/ IB/ University Economics Tuition. Best Economics Tutoring Improvement from 2010 to 2021 for many Singapore Cambridge A-Level Examination students. More than 10 Years Experience with Economics Honours Bachelor Degree from World-Renowned Prestigious University. Whatsapp/ Call Mr Lim 9168 5873 or Email: guidetodistinction@gmail.com for 1-to-1 or Small Group Private Tuition. Testimonials from many delighted and thankful students and parents. Bespoke & Systematic Proven STEPS to SCORE in H1 H2 Economics.
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